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xRNA in Ovo: Target Validation and Efficacy Studies Using Chicken Embryo Model (CAM Assay)
Authors: | Xavier Rousset, Yan Wang, Chloé Prunier, Emilien Dosda, Sylvain Roveda, Clotilde Rabat, Jean Viallet |
Abstract: | Recently, the chicken ChorioAllantoic Membrane (CAM) assay has been used as an in vivo model for cancer research. The CAM assay is a highly vascularized extra-embryonic membrane enveloping the embryo, which is an excellent medium for growing tumors and provides optimal conditions for studying tumor metastatic invasion in various organs and tissues. Moreover, when tumor cells are xenografted at Embryonic Development Day (EDD) 9, the embryo's organs are formed and functional, including an active immune system. Thus, the CAM model is well suited for developing different types of anti-cancer therapies. In the work described, we used the CAM assay to investigate the therapeutic activity of several RNA-based approaches. On EDD9, a small opening is made in the eggshell to allow easy access to the CAM. Cancer cells are then grafted onto the CAM and allowed to form tumors. From EED10 to EDD18 (end of the experiment) tumors can be treated with RNA-based therapeutics. We can study therapies based on RNA modifications done either before or after xenografting onto the CAM. The effects RNA modifications are evaluated via various parameters: tumor weight, histopathological analyses of tumors (classical staining or immunohistochemistry), immune cell infiltration (by RTqPCR), detection of metastases in specific target tissues, analysis of the angiogenic network surrounding the tumor, and analysis of the toxicity (mortality rate and/or abnormal development of the embryo). |
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